It seems that
surnames are making a resurgence in Mongolia. For more than 80 years, everyone in the country was simply on a first name basis after the abolition of the surnames by the Communist Party during their rise to power. They were removed as a direct attack to the clan system and the powerful hereditary aristocracy and the class structure. In the 1990's, Mongolia again became a democracy, and the beautiful freedoms of surnames was once again returned (Wikipedia has a good timeline of
Mongolia's modern history)
Here are the basics the new laws:
In 1997, a new law required everyone to have surnames. The law was largely ignored, but then a system of citizenship cards was introduced. Slowly the country of 2.5 million began to adopt surnames.
Today, however, there are still 10,000 people without surnames. So the government is trying to solve the problem with a mixture of incentives (a discount on the registration fee) and heavy-handed pressure (a threat of financial penalties on anyone who fails to get a citizenship card before the June 27 national election).
It seemed that this need for surnames came as much out of necessity as for convenience. The one-name system was so confusing that some people were marrying without realizing they were relatives.
The real interesting situation is the way by which people are choosing their surnames.
The book also suggests other ways to choose a surname. Some people choose the name of a mountain or river in their ancestral region.
Others prefer the name of an ancestral occupation: Blacksmith, Herdsman or Writer. Some names are linked to clans: White Camel or Black-and-White Horse.
And some names have more obscure origins. One surname listed in the book, perhaps less fashionable today, is Seven Drunk Men.
In western society today our surnames are so much a part of who we are. They carry our pride, our family heritage and our history. I can't even fathom having to simply choose one from a book in the middle of my life. Imagine how complicated things would be in a country where people only have first names. Think about how many Johns, Pauls or Marks that you know. What a nightmare.